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Atoms and Atomic Structure

Questions about the structure of atoms/molecules and the resulting properties such as shape, polarity, and number of subatomic particles.

500 Questions

How many atoms are in 2HNO3?

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There are 10 atoms in two nitric acid molecules. Namely they are two hydrogen atoms, two nitrogen atoms and six oxygen atoms.

How many atoms are found in 4co2?

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There are 3 atoms in one CO2. So there will be 12 atoms in 4CO2.

How many atoms are there in a molecule of hydrogen?

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A molecule of hydrogen, also known as molecular hydrogen, is composed of two atoms of hydrogen. This diatomic molecule is represented by the chemical formula H₂, indicating the two hydrogen atoms are bonded together.

How many molecules does alcl3 dissociate into?

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It does NOT form molecules.

When AlCl3 'breakdown ' it form the IONS Al^(3+) & 3 Cl^(-)

AlCl3(s) IS a molecule.

What is the equation for the alpha decay of americium 243?

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Americium-243 might undergo alpha decay to become neptunium-239, and here is that equation:

95243Am => 93239Np + 24He++

The americium-243 has undergone transmutation to become neptunium-239, and the alpha particle, which is a helium-4 nucleus, can be seen on the tail end of the equation.

Adenosine is what combination of two molecule names?

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Adenosine is a combination of the molecule adenine and the sugar ribose. It is a nucleoside that plays a key role in various biochemical processes in the body, such as energy transfer and signaling pathways.

What are the different elements of poetry?

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Elements of Poetry

There are several elements which make up a good poem,

  1. Rhythm
  2. Lines
  3. Rhyme
  4. Special Effects
  5. Theme
  6. Imagery

For more information see my teacher at Xavier University Grade School , Mrs. Mitta L. Paderanga.

Why did the littuns always obey the summon of the conch?

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The littuns obeyed the summon of the conch in "Lord of the Flies" because it represented order and civilization in their society. They viewed the conch as a symbol of authority and democracy, so they followed its call as a way to maintain structure and organization among the boys on the island.

What element has 16 prontons and 18 neutrons?

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It is only the protons that matter in classifying the element. Sulfur has 16 protons (An atomic number of 16).

What is a mixture of sub atomic particles nuclei and electrons?

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An ATOM.

The sub-atomic particles are

Protons, Neutrons. and Electrons.

The protons and neutrons are collectively named 'nucleons, because they form the nucleus of an atom.

The electrons are in energy shells around the nucleus.

How isotopes can have different masses and still be the same element?

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For the same element the number of protons and electrons remains unaltered.

Howerm for that same element the number of neutrons can vary., leading to different atomic masses.

Taking hydrogen as an example. It has three isotopes.

#1 ; protium ; 1 proton , 0 neutrons (Atomic Mass ; 1 + 0 = 1 )

#2 ; deuterium ; 1 proton , 1 neutron ( Atomic mass ; 1 + 1 = 2)

#3 ; tritium ; 1 proton, 2 neutrons ( Atomic Mass ; 1 + 2 = 3)

Notice for each isotope of hydrogen there is only ONE proton. However, for each different isotope of hydrogen there is a different number of neutrons.

The Atomic Mass is the sum of the protons and neutrons).

#4 ; Helium(He) ; 2 protons, 2 neutrons ( atomic mass 2 + 2 = 4 ).

For comparison helium has 2(TWO) protons and 2 neutrons, but it is an entirely different element, because it has a different number of protons.

Do isotopes have the same number of protons and electrons?

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YES!!!

The difinitive answer is ' Isotopes of an element have a DIFFERENT number of neutrons'.

Takinf an example. The element Hydrogen .

It has three isotopes. They are: -

#1 ; protium ; 1 proton , 0 neutrons, 1 electron ; Atomic mass '1'

#2 ; deuterium ; 1 proton , 1 neutron , 1 electron ; Atomic mass '2'

#3 ; tritium ; 1 proton 2 neutrons 1 electron. 'Atomic mass '3',

Carbon also has three isotopes biz.,

# 1 ; Carbon-12 ; 6 protons, 6 neutroins, 6 electrons ;Atomic mass '12'

#2 ; Carbon-13 ; 6 protons, 7 neutroins, 6 electrons ; Atomic mass ''13'

#3 ; Carbon-14 ; 6 protons, 8 neutroins, 6 electrons ; Atomic mass '14'.

Notice in each case the number of neutrons changes, the number of protons remains the same, otherwise it is a different element. The Atomic mass is the sum of the protons and neutrons.

NNB Every element has isotopes.

NNNN Do not confuse 'Isotopes' with 'Allotropes'. Allotropes are elements exhibiting a different physical form/appearance.

What are three main components of an an atom?

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Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons.

Protons and Neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom, and collectively called 'nucleons'.

Electrons are found outside the nucleus, in energy shells.

In a chemical reaction an iron atom became the ion Fe2 plus . What happened to the iron atom?

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The iron atom loses two(2) electrons to be come the Iron ION.

Fe = Fe^(2+) + 2e^-

NB An atom , when it becomes a charged spacied , is no longer an atom , but an ION.

Positively charged ions are CATIONS

Negatively charged ions are ANIONS.

How many atoms of each type are represented in 4HNO3?

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4HNO3 means

HNO3 + HNO3 + HNO3 + HNO3

Taking any one HNO3 it has

1 x H (Hydrogen)

1 x N (Nitrogen)

3 x O (Oxygen)

1 + 1 + 3 = 5 So any one HNO3 has five atoms.

So four lots of HNO3 has 4 X 5 =20 atoms.

So no. of each type is

4 x hydrogen

4 x Nitrogen

12 x Oxygen

4 + 4 +12 = 20 as above.

4HNO3 would be said as 'Four molar ratios of nitric acid'.

What is the atomic number of polyethylene?

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There is NO atomic Number for polyethylene.

It is a compound containing millions of carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Its formula is shown as -[CH2-CH2=]=(n)

Where 'n' is the number of units, which can be thouands or millions making one polymer molecule

What parts of an atom are located in the nucleus of the atom?

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The PROTONS and NEUTRONS. Collectively they are called ' nucleons'.

Electrons are in energy shells around the nucleus.

How many carbon atome does hexane have?

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Hexane is '6' carbon atoms.

As per the IUPAC noimclature (naming system). The number of carbons goes by the following names.

#1 ; meth ; methane (CH4)

# 2 ; eth ; Ethene (H2C=CH2)

#3 ; prop ; Propyne (CH3-C///CH)

#4 ; but ; butane (CH3CH2CH2CH3)

#5 ; pent ; pentane (CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3)

#6 ; hex ; hexane (CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3)

#7 ; hept ; heptane (CH3(CH2)5CH3)

#8 ; oct ; Octane (CH3(CH2)6CH3)

#9; non ; nonane (CH3(CH2)7CH3)

#10 ' dec ; decane (CH3(CH2)8CH3)

The naming system does go on , but these are the first ten names.

This nomenclature is based on Latin numers.

Depending on the functional group present, the suffixes are -ane(alkane), -ene(alkene) and -yne(alkyne)

Note the one letter difference in the functional group name for 'a', 'e' amd 'y'.

What is the electrical charges of a atom?

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A atom has NO electrical charges.

However, its component protons have a positive charge and its electrons have a negative charge. Because the number of protons and electrons is equal in an atoms, it means the charges are equal and opposite, so there is no charge on an atom.

However, if an atom loses or gains electrons , then it becomes an ION . Ions have charge.

e.g. Sodium ; readily ionises(loses) an electron to becomes the sodium cation 'Na^+'+ . Similarly Chlorine ; has electrons affinity and readily gains an electron to becomes the chloride anion 'Cl^-'

NB ATOMS have No chagre. When an atom loses or gains electrons it becomes an ION ; NOT an atom.

Does a proton circulate around the nucleus?

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NO!!! A proton does NOT circulate around the nucleus. It is part of the Nucleus.

Proton(s) together with neutron(s) form the nucleus of an atom; collectively known as 'nucleons'. Electrons circluate around the nucleus as clouds in energy shells.

With in the nucleus protons rotate within themselves. They are not static 'lumps' of charge.

As an analogy, think of the Solar System. The Sun is the nucleus, and the Sun is known to rotate. The planets are the electrons circulating the Sun and the planets are also known to rotate; think of Earth.

Is it true that atoms with fewer that 4 outer electrons lend electrons?

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No, it's not accurate to say that atoms with fewer than 4 outer electrons always lend electrons. The tendency of an atom to gain, lose, or share electrons depends on its position in the periodic table and the number of electrons in its outermost shell.

Atoms generally strive to achieve a stable electron configuration, often resembling that of a noble gas. For atoms with fewer than 4 outer electrons (e.g., Group 1 and Group 2 elements), they tend to lose electrons to achieve a stable, noble gas-like configuration. These elements are more likely to form positive ions (cations).

Atoms with more than 4 outer electrons (e.g., Group 15, 16, and 17 elements) often gain electrons to complete their outer electron shell, resulting in negative ions (anions).

However, it's crucial to consider specific elements and their unique characteristics, as exceptions do exist. The concept of electron sharing (covalent bonding) is also prevalent, where atoms with similar electronegativities may share electrons rather than gaining or losing them.

Best,

Asif Ahmed

IBT: No.1 BPO Company in Middle East

What is the compound H2S?

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H2S is hydrogen sulphide.

Hydrogen sulphide has the smell of 'rotten eggs'., which is the gas given off by rotten eggs.

How many carbons does the alkane decane contain?

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Decane has 10 carbons, C10H22.

The nomenclature uses Latin root names.

Meth = 1

Eth =2

Prop = 3

But = 4

Pent = 5

Hex = 6

Hept = 7

Oct = 8

Non= 9

Dec = 10